Electrical system including apparatus that contains a domic-shaped housing

ABSTRACT

A transducer includes a housing having a domic shape. The transducer is associated with a vehicular electrical charging system (ECS) used to electrically charge an energy storage device (ESD) disposed on a vehicle. The transducer is adapted for attachment to a ground surface with the domic-shaped housing extending outwardly away therefrom. The domic-shaped housing of the transducer, when disposed beneath an undercarriage of a vehicle, fills a space intermediate the transducer and the undercarriage such that animals, such as a dog or a cat, are discouraged from overlyingly residing thereon. External surface segments of the domic-shaped housing depend or slope away from a peak point of the domic-shaped housing so that foreign objects, like a soda can or a tool that engage the domic-shaped housing, may passively slidingly move off of the housing to ensure optimal performance of the transducer.

RELATED DOCUMENTS

This application claims priority to provisional application U.S. Ser. No. 61/522,772 filed on 12 Aug. 2011.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention generally relates to a housing of an apparatus, more particularly, the apparatus contains a domic-shaped housing that passively discourages foreign objects and animals from coming to rest and overlie a ground-based transducer in an electrical charging system (ECS).

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Wireless energy transfer systems are known to incorporate a first resonator structure (source resonator), or transducer that includes a coil configured for transferring magnetic energy and a spaced apart second resonator structure (capture resonator), or transducer that also includes a coil configured for receiving the wirelessly transmitted magnetic energy. Such a wireless energy transfer system may be used for electrically charging an energy storage device, or battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle. In such a system, the first transducer may be located on a ground surface, such as on a floor of a garage or a surface of a parking lot, and the second transducer may be disposed on a vehicle.

During operation of such a wireless energy transfer system, the vehicle to be charged is parked so that the second transducer is generally aligned above the first transducer. The transducers are separated by a distance that approximates a ground clearance of the vehicle which is a typical clearance between the bottom portion of the vehicle's chassis and a ground surface. In some vehicle applications, the ground clearance may be in a range from about 10 centimeters (cm) to 20 cm. In such an arrangement, this ground clearance space between the transducers is large enough to provide room for small animals, such as dogs and cats, and other possible foreign objects, such as aluminum soda cans or tools to reside. It is desirable to keep such animals and foreign objects out of this space between the aligned transducers during operation of the wireless energy transfer system, so as, for example, to enable maximum energy transfer efficiency from the first transducer to the second transducer.

Thus, a robustly constructed domic-shaped housing employed on a ground-based transducer is needed so as to discourage animals and foreign objects from coming to rest and overlie the ground-based transducer to ensure maximum energy transfer efficiency in an electrical charging system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an electrical charging system (ECS) includes an apparatus having a housing containing a domic shape. The housing includes an external surface having a plurality of points disposed at a plurality of heights, and at least one point in the plurality of points has a first height, and the other points in the plurality of points have respective heights that are less than the first height.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, an electrical charging system (ECS) is employed to electrically charge an energy storage device (ESD). The ECS includes a first transducer and a second transducer. The first transducer includes a housing in which the housing has a domic shape. The first transducer is configured for disposal on a ground surface. The second transducer is disposed in a manner having a spaced relationship to the ground surface. The second transducer is also configured to have a spaced relationship with the first transducer when the first transducer is disposed on the ground surface. The second transducer is further configured to receive energy from the first transducer. The housing includes an external surface having a plurality of points disposed at a plurality of heights, and at least one point in the plurality of points has a first height. The other points in the plurality of points have respective heights that are less than the first height.

Further features, uses and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on a reading of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, which is given by way of non-limiting example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

This invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an electrical charging system (ECS) that includes an energy coupling arrangement that contains a transducer that has a housing having a domic shape according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a more detailed block diagram of the ECS of FIG. 1 in which the ECS contains an electrical signal shaping device (ESSD) and the energy coupling arrangement in which the transducer is an off-vehicle transducer which contains the domic-shaped housing;

FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of the off-vehicle transducer that contains the domic-shaped housing of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a side view of the ECS of FIG. 2 in which the on-vehicle transducer is aligned to overlie the off-vehicle transducer that contains the domic-shaped housing of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a magnified view of the relationship between the off-vehicle transducer with the domic-shaped housing and the on-vehicle transducer of the ECS of FIG. 4, and details thereof;

FIG. 6 shows a method of using the off-vehicle transducer having the domic-shape housing associated with the ECS of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 shows an off-vehicle transducer containing an domic-shaped housing that surrounds a majority portion of the off-vehicle transducer, according to an alternate embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 shows an off-vehicle transducer that contains a domic-shaped housing having at least one sensor contained therein, according to another alternate embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9A shows a top view of an external surface of a housing used for a transducer having a domic inverted V-shape according to yet a further alternate embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9B shows a bottom view of the domic inverted V-shaped housing of FIG. 9A, and details thereof; and

FIG. 10 shows an ECS to electrically charge an energy storage device (ESD) disposed on a vehicle that includes a primary ECS and a secondary ECS in which the primary ECS contains an off-vehicle transducer that contains a domic-shaped housing, according to yet another alternate embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

A transducer, during operation, may transmit magnetic energy to another transducer that receives the transmitted energy. In some embodiments, the transducers are configured to transfer energy to the vehicle at a sufficiently high rate and may require a physical size of approximately 0.5 meters (m) in length by 0.5 meters (m) in width by 3 centimeters (cm) in height. Alternately, the transducers may be constructed to wirelessly transmit/receive inductive energy or electrical energy. If the transducer is disposed on a ground surface and the transmitting transducer remains in operation, heat is generated within the transducer that may entice an animal, like a dog or cat, to reside on top of, or adjacent a housing of the ground-based transducer so that the dog or the cat may absorbingly enjoy the warmth of the emitted heat. For example, if the dog or the cat decides to reside on top of the warmed transducer, the animal may also further be susceptible to high power magnetic energy during operation of the transducer. Thus, the transmission of magnetic energy through an animal during operation of the transducer may negatively affect the animal's health in addition to negatively affecting enable maximum energy transfer efficiency between the transducers. Alternately, foreign objects such as soda cans and tools such as a wrench and a screwdriver may drop out of a human user's hand and drop to the ground surface so as to come to rest on top of the transducer. Foreign objects overlying the transducer may prevent optimum energy transfer between the transducers. Additionally, if the transducers transmit a magnetic field there between, the wrench lying on the transducer may heat up to an undesired high temperature. For example, the wrench may be undesirably hot to the touch human hand or may melt a dielectric cover of the transducer. Transducers that do not have maximum energy transfer may result in an electrical charging system that undesirably electrically charges a battery in a greater amount of time that may also have an increased associated energy cost to a human operator of the electrical charging system.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, then, an electrical charging system (ECS) 10 includes an apparatus, or transducer 24 that has a domic-shaped housing 12 that advantageously discourages an animal or a foreign object (both not shown) from being overlyingly located on the transducer especially during operation of ECS 10. ECS 10 is used to electrically charge an electrical storage device (ESD), or battery 14 disposed on a motorized vehicle 16. ECS 10 is formed of electrical circuit components, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, invertors, switches, relays, transistors, and the like. Battery 14 may include a plurality of batteries that often are associated with electrically charging a hybrid or electric vehicle that assist to power a drivetrain of such vehicles. ECS 10 includes an energy coupling arrangement 20 and a mobile power system 22. A portion of energy coupling arrangement 20 and mobile power system 22 of ECS 10 are respectively disposed on vehicle 16. Another portion of energy coupling arrangement 20 is disposed external to vehicle 16 and configured to communicate with a power source 18. Energy coupling arrangement 20 includes a first apparatus, or off-vehicle transducer 24 and a second apparatus, or on-vehicle transducer 26 which is configured to receive magnetic energy wirelessly magnetically transmitted by off-vehicle transducer 24 to electrically charge battery 14. Off-vehicle transducer 24 is disposed external to vehicle 16 and on-vehicle transducer 26 is disposed on vehicle 16. The on-vehicle transducer may be employed anywhere on the vehicle and is dependent on the electrical application of use.

Preferably, domic-shaped housing 12 is formed of a dielectric material. Domic-shaped housing 12 may be formed from a structural foam material that hardens to be a rigid structure. Structural foam molding is similar to injection molding, but the structure may be formed having thicker walls. The plastic is injected into a mold that also has a foaming agent contained therein. Alternately, the domic-shaped housing may be formed of any rigid material. Still yet alternately, the domic-shaped housing may be formed from a non-dielectric material such as metal. In one other embodiment the domic-shaped housing is formed of a plastic material, such as nylon or a thermoplastic. Preferably, the material used to construct the domic-shaped housing, if driven over with a tire of vehicle 16, does not physically break or damage the housing. This may be especially true when constructing the domic-shaped housing of the structural foam material. One type of damage may consist of cracks that form in the housing.

Domic-shaped housing 12, as best illustrated in FIG. 3, has spatial form or quality in that the housing occupies physical space over and above the elements used to form transducer 24. These elements are configured to electrically communicate with a power transmitter 30. Domic-shaped housing 12 extends outwardly above and away from these elements. Domic-shaped housing 12 is a first housing portion that is attachably mounted to a second housing portion 61. Portions 12, 61 combine to surroundingly enclose the elements of transducer 24. Domic-shaped housing 12 at least partially surrounds transducer 24 when attached with second housing portion 61. Fasteners such as screws and bolts may be used to attach domic-shaped housing 12 with second housing portion 61. The second housing portion may be formed from any material, preferably a non-dielectric material. If the second housing portion is formed from a metal material, this may advantageously assist to establish a robust ground plane for the transducer when the second housing portion is mounted to the ground surface.

If the domic-shaped housing is formed of plastic material, a shell may be formed in contrast to the solid fill of a structurally formed foam domic-shaped housing. Structural ribs may be used to reinforce the domic-shaped housing structure. Alternately, the domic-shaped housing may be formed as a solid plastic domed housing. The domed shape of the housing allows for easy periodic cleaning of the housing such as when using soap and water with the aid of a soft cloth. Alternately, the physical size of the domic-shaped housing may be any size as necessary to fit the size or shape of the overall shape of the transducer.

Referring to FIGS. 2-4, off-vehicle transducer 24 having domic-shaped housing 12 is configured for fixed attachment to a ground surface 28. Off-vehicle transducer 24 is mounted such that spatial form of domic-shaped housing extends in a direction moving outward away from ground surface 28. In effect, the spatial form of domic-shaped housing 12 is effective to take up, or fill space covered by the domic-shape housing 12. Off-vehicle transducer 24 may be fixedly secured to ground surface 28 with fasteners such as concrete screws or bolts as is known in the fastening arts. Off-vehicle transducer 24 is secured to ground surface 28 along second housing portion 61 so that domic-shaped housing is physically spaced apart from ground surface 28. Alternately, the domic-shaped housing may be formed to be adjacent the ground surface. Still alternately, the second housing portion of the off-vehicle transducer may be secured to the ground surface using adhesive. When off-vehicle transducer 24 is secured to ground surface 28, secured off-vehicle transducer may be referred to herein as a ground-based transducer. Preferably, second housing portion 61 is preferably formed of an electrically conducting material, preferably metal. The use of dielectric material for domic-shaped housing 12 may further allow for optimal transmission of the magnetic energy out of off-vehicle transducer 24. If the domic-shaped housing were formed from a metal material this may undesirably affect the magnetic transmission performance to the on-vehicle transducer. The magnetic energy is generally transmitted up through domic-shaped housing 12 towards on-vehicle transducer 26. Second housing portion 61 is formed of metal may provide an acceptable electrical ground plane for off-vehicle transducer 24. Domic-shaped housing 12 is configured to overlie, and be remotely disposed from ground surface 28. Domic-shaped housing 12 discourages an animal (not shown) from residing thereon when off-vehicle transducer 24 is disposed beneath vehicle 16. More particularly, domic-shaped housing 12 is provided to be an effective animal deterrent when at least a portion of vehicle 16 overlies domic-shaped housing 12 of ground-based transducer 24. When the animal does not overlie on domic-shaped housing 12, this may assist to ensure optimal efficiency operation between transducers 24, 26 during operation of ECS 10. The animal may also be less susceptible to exposure to transmitted magnetic energy configured to emit from ground-based transducer 24. If the animal is located at a remote point disposed at an increased distance in a direction moving away from ground-based transducer 24 during operation of ground-based transducer 24, the animal's exposure to transmitted magnetic energy may also be subsequently lessened. Power source 18 provides power to off-vehicle transducer 24 of energy coupling arrangement 20. Power source 18 and ground-based transducer 24 that includes domic-shaped housing 12 are each respectively disposed external to vehicle 16. Domic-shaped housing 12 may be constructed as part of off-vehicle transducer 24 during the manufacture of off-vehicle transducer 24, such as on a high-speed manufacturing line. Likewise, off-vehicle transducer 24 may be secured to ground surface 28 by the human operator.

ECS 10 further includes power transmitter 30 and an electrical signal shaping device (ESSD) 32. Power transmitter 30 is disposed intermediate to, and in electrical communication with power source 18 and energy coupling arrangement 20. An output 53 of energy coupling arrangement 20 is in downstream electrical communication with ESSD 32. Power transmitter 30 is configured for electrical communication with power source 18 and off-vehicle transducer 24 that includes domic-shaped housing 12. Off-vehicle transducer 24 is configured for operation when power transmitter 30 is electrically connected with power source 18. Power transmitter 30 supplies the necessary power via a voltage or a current electrical signal 38 to ground-based transducer 24 so that ground-based transducer 24 is configured to wirelessly transmit magnetic energy 40 to on-vehicle transducer 26. On-vehicle transducer 26 receives the wirelessly transmitted magnetic energy 40 and converts the received magnetic energy to electrical energy which is further transmitted and electrically shaped by ESSD 32 subsequently used electrically charge battery 14. Alternately, the power transmitter may supply an electrical signal to operate the ground-based transducer that is a combination of both voltage and current. A vehicular charger 34, which is further controllable by vehicle 16, receives an output electrical signal from ESSD 32. Vehicular charger 34 also produces an output electrical signal that is in downstream electrical communication with battery 14. Electronic devices (not shown) disposed in vehicle 16 may further decide to allow or prevent electrical charging of battery 14 that may further operatively control vehicle charger 34. For example, the vehicular electronic devices may have information that indicates the battery is at a full state of electrical charge and communicate with the vehicular charger to not allow further electrical charging of the battery independent of ECS operation. On-vehicle transducer 26, ESSD 32, and vehicular charger 34 are respectively disposed on vehicle 16. Power transmitter 30, in addition to power source 18 and off-vehicle transducer 24 that includes domic-shaped housing 12 as previously described herein, are disposed external to vehicle 16. In one embodiment, the ESSD may include a controller/rectifier in electrical communication with an inverter in which the inverter is in downstream electrical communication with a transfer switch. This type of configuration along with other ESSD configurations are further described in U.S. Ser. No. 13/450,881 entitled “ELECTRICAL CHARGING SYSTEM HAVING ENERGY COUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION THEREBETWEEN” filed on 19 Apr. 2012 which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. ECS 10 further includes an alignment means 36 that facilitates the positioning of vehicle 16 so that alignment of on-vehicle transducer 26 and ground-based transducer 24 that includes domic-shaped housing 12 occurs so that battery 14 may be electrically charged.

The ECS that includes the off-vehicle transducer that includes the domic-shaped housing may also incorporate other features that further enhance safety for the human operator of the ECS. One such ECS system is further described in U.S. Ser. No. 13/306,327 entitled “POWER SAFETY SYSTEM AND METHOD HAVING A PLURALITY OF THERMALLY-TRIGGERED ELECTRICAL BREAKING ARRANGEMENTS” filed on 29 Nov. 2011 which is also incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

Turning our attention more particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4, a more detailed view of off-vehicle transducer 24 and domic-shaped housing 12 is illustrated. Domic-shaped housing 12 is dimensioned large enough to coveringly overlie a length and width of off-vehicle transducer 24. Domic-shaped housing 12 includes a peak point 44 and a plurality of external segment surfaces 45. Plurality of external segment surfaces 45 extend outwardly away from peak point 44. Further, each of the external segment surfaces 45 depends downwardly towards the ground surface when off-vehicle transducer 24 is mounted to ground surface 28. As best illustrated in FIG. 3, there are four (4) downwardly depending external surfaces 45 that transition from peak point 44. And each of the downwardly depending external surfaces 45 has a generally negative slope in relation to peak point 44. Thus, housing 12 has a rectangular base pyramidal-type shape. This feature allows environmental elements such as water, snow, dirt, and dust, and the like, along with the tools as previously described herein to passively roll off away from domic-shaped housing 12 of off-vehicle transducer 24 where off-vehicle transducer 24 is disposed. The downward sloping surfaces, with the aid of gravity, assist to ensure environmental elements or other objects roll away from being disposed on housing 12 of off-vehicle 24, thus, minimizing the possibility that these elements and/or tools will restingly lie on housing 12 of transducer 24. Preferably, peak point 44 is co-axially located with a centralized location of off-vehicle transducer 24. Alternately, the peak point may be disposed anywhere along the upper portion of off-vehicle transducer 24. Still alternately, the domic-shaped housing may have any spatial domic shape preferably still having a peak point and the downward depending external segment surfaces. Thus, it is advantageous that domic-shaped housing 12 includes an external surface having a plurality of points disposed at a plurality of heights with at least one point in the plurality of points having a first height while the other points in the plurality of points have respective heights that are less than the first height. For example, referring to FIG. 3, peak point 44 is at the first height and the other points in the plurality of points along external surface segments 45 are at respective heights that are less than the height of peak point 44.

Domic-shaped housing 12 is dimensioned large enough to spread across a majority portion of transducer 24 so as to effectively discouragingly deter animals from overlying thereon. Domic-shaped housing 12 may include through holes (not shown) so that domic-shaped housing 12 is attachably secured to second housing portion 61 by fasteners (not shown) received in the through holes. The fasteners may include screws, nuts and bolts, rivets, and the like.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5, the relationship of ground-based transducer 24 that includes domic-shaped housing 12 and on-vehicle transducer 26 is better illustrated. A length L of vehicle 16 is disposed along a longitudinal axis A. Vehicle 16 is positioned, so that when parked, on-vehicle transducer 26 has a spaced relationship with, and substantially axially overlies ground-based transducer 24 along a longitudinal axis B. Axis B is disposed so as to be transverse to axis A. Referring to FIG. 5, vertical distances d₁, d₂, d₃, and a height h of domic-shaped housing 12 are illustrated. Distances d₁, d₂, d₃, and a height h are all axial distances in relation to axis B. Distance d₂ is a greater distance than distances d₁, d₃ and height h, respectively. Distance d₁ is a distance from base portion 41 of housing 12 to chassis, or undercarriage 52 of vehicle 16. Distance d₂ is a distance from ground surface 28 to undercarriage 52 and distance d₃ is from peak point 44 of housing 12 to undercarriage 52. Distance d₃ identifies a volumetric space 73 intermediate undercarriage 52 and peak point 44. Height h is measured from a bottom, or base portion 41 of domic-shaped housing to peak point 44. Distance d₂ generally defines a ground clearance space intermediate undercarriage 52 and ground surface 28. The ground clearance space is about the same distance d₂ along length L of vehicle 16, as best illustrated in FIG. 4. Another definition for ground clearance may be the amount of space between the lower most hanging part of the vehicle's undercarriage and the flat ground surface. Housing 12 is effective to keep animals out of space 73 when undercarriage 52 overlies housing 12 disposed on off-vehicle transducer 24, especially when on-vehicle transducer 26 directly overlies off-vehicle transducer 24. A height of the off-vehicle transducer that includes the other elements that make up the off-vehicle transducer may also need to be taken into consideration for the correct sizing of the height of the housing to the peak point in any application where the domic-shaped housing is utilized. In some other alternate embodiments, a lower surface of the on-vehicle transducer may hang below a lower surface of the undercarriage so as to have a distance from the ground surface that may be less than d₂. In this type of application, the transducer and/or domic-shaped housing needs to be sized to ensure that when at least a portion of the transducers overlie one another, animals are prevented from entering this space in-between the transducers. Thus, the domic-shaped housing is effective to fill a space intermediate the ground surface and the undercarriage of a vehicle so as to discouragingly keep either animals and/or foreign objects from entering this space and overlying the ground-based transducer 24.

On-vehicle transducer 26 is mounted on vehicle 16 in a manner so that a planer external surface 75 of on-vehicle transducer 26 is at least level with a lower external surface of undercarriage 52. On-vehicle transducer 26 may be mounted to the vehicle's undercarriage using fasteners and bolts. Alternately, the external surface of the on-vehicle may be non-planar. The lower surface of the undercarriage is that surface that is located closest to the ground surface generally along length L of vehicle 16. Alternately, on-vehicle transducer 26 may be recessed within undercarriage 52 so that the lower external surface of the on-vehicle transducer may be disposed at a distance greater than distance d₂. As best illustrated in FIG. 4, vehicle 16 is positioned by a human driver 54 so that on-vehicle transducer 26 substantially axially overlies ground-based transducer 24 along axis B. Driver 54 uses alignment means 36 which includes a wheel chock 46 to assist at arriving of the correct positioning of vehicle to ensure substantial alignment of transducers 24, 26. Wheel chock 46 is positioned so that tire 48 b of vehicle 16 engages wheel chock 46. Alternately, a plurality of wheel chocks may be used at more than one of the tires 48 a, 48 b, 48 c, 48 d of vehicle 16. Wheel chock 46 may be formed from any type of solid material such as plastic, wood, or metal. For example, the wheel chock may also be commercially available for purchase at an auto supply store. In many embodiments, the human driver may also be the human operator that governs operation of the ECS. Still alternately, the off-vehicle transducer may not completely underlie the off-vehicle transducer, yet still be effectively positioned one-to-another to communicate magnetic energy there between. In some other alternate embodiments, the off-vehicle transducer may not underlie the on-vehicle transducer, yet still underlie the undercarriage of the vehicle and yet still be effectively to transmit/receive magnetic energy one-to-another. Alternately, the driver may utilize other alignment techniques/technologies that allow for alignment of the transducers.

Height h of domic-shaped housing to peak point 44 needs to be fabricated dependent on the vehicle application of use so that animals are deterred from entering space 73. When on-vehicle transducer 26 is mounted on vehicle 16, as illustrated in FIG. 5, with lower surface 75 being level with or recessed axially away from a lower surface of undercarriage 52, distance d₃ is maintained across length L of vehicle 16. Height h is selected so as to especially keep at least a portion of the animal's body, or torso from overlying the domic-shaped housing. In an alternate embodiment, if the on-vehicle transducer is attached to the undercarriage so as to protrudingly extend below the lower surface of the undercarriage along length L so that the lower external surface of the on-vehicle transducer is disposed closer to the ground surface, the height of the peak point would need to be effectively sized in relation to the protruding on-vehicle transducer. For example, distance d₂ may be in a range from about 10 cm to about 25 cm for a vehicle as previously described in the Background herein, and distance d₃ may be about 2 cm less than the d₁ distance. The appropriate height h for peak point, then, may be ascertained, or determined. It has been observed that d₃ being about 2 cm less than the selected d₁ distance may be sufficient clearance for the vehicle to be positioned so as to easily overlie the domic-shaped housing, but small enough so that an animal's body would not get in the space intermediate the domic-shaped housing and the on-vehicle transducer. Advantageously, the peak point has sufficient height so as to effective fill the space intermediate the transducers 24, 26 yet remain obstructingly free from making contact with the undercarriage within the ground clearance of the vehicle during normal operation of the vehicle and the domic-shaped housing. Alternately, trucks may require distance d₂ to have a range that is greater than 25 cm as trucks generally have an increased ground clearance in contrast to that of a vehicle.

Domic-shaped housing 12 is generally not being used in ECS 10 when domic-shaped housing 12 is not attached to off-vehicle transducer 24. Domic-shaped housing 12, when attached with off-vehicle transducer 24, is generally not in use if off-vehicle transducer 24 is not secured to ground surface 28 and/or if off-vehicle transducer is not in electrical communication with power transmitter 30.

Referring to FIG. 6, a method 100 more particularly captures when housing 12 is being used in ECS 10. One step 102 in method 100 is providing transducer 24 that includes domic-shaped housing 12 that extends outwardly away therefrom. While housing 12 is now functional, housing 12 is more useful once off-vehicle transducer is securely mounted to ground surface 28 and electrically connected to power transmitter 30 and power transmitter 30 further connected to power source 18. Housing 12 is best used to discourage animals when off-vehicle transducer 24 is operational to transmit magnetic energy and disposed underlying undercarriage 52. Providing step 102 further includes step 106 of method 100 which is molding housing 12 in a mold so that housing 12 is formed as a unitary piece in a single mold operation in a manufacturing assembly process. Step 106 is useful when the domic-shaped housing is formed from the structured foam or plastic material.

Referring to FIG. 7, according to another alternate embodiment of the invention, an off-vehicle transducer 324 includes sidewalls 393 that also each have external surfaces. A domic-shaped housing 317 includes a peak point 394. A domic portion 387 surrounds a majority portion of transducer 324 including sidewalls 393. Only bottom external surface 345 disposed adjacent the ground surface is not covered by domic-shaped housing 317. Domic-shaped housing 317 advantageously serves to assist to deter animals from lying along top external surface 344 or sidewalls 393 of off-vehicle transducer 324. Alternately, the sidewalls may not be present, rather the elements of the transducer may be disposed in a space bounded by the domic-shaped housing and a base portion of the domic-shaped housing.

Referring to FIG. 8, according to a further alternate embodiment, at least one sensor 451 is in communication with domic-shaped housing 419. When the domic-shaped housing is constructed of the structural foam material, as previously described herein, openings may be defined in the foam to fit the sensors and the corresponding wire conductors the electrically connect with the sensors. The wire conductor may be wired through the off-vehicle transducer as well as be disposed external to the off-vehicle transducer. Housing 419 overlies off-vehicle transducer 425 when transducer 425 is securely mounted to a ground surface. Sensors 451 are in electrical communication with a controller 433 disposed in power transmitter 431. Power transmitter 431 may wirelessly communicate a status signal 435 to other circuit elements or electrical devices in the ECS or the vehicle such that, if the sensors are activated by an animal or foreign object that movingly disturbs or otherwise puts pressure on the domic-shaped housing, the ECS is configured to stop the ECS from electrically charging the battery. In one embodiment, the sensors may be formed of small wire windings that are especially useful in detecting metallic foreign objects, such as the wrench or the soda can. Should a metallic object reside in the vicinity of the wire winding sensors, a change in inductance of the windings indicates a metallic object. The data provided by the sensors may be used by the controller to ensure safe operation of the electrical charging system. In one embodiment the sensor may be a pressure sensor type sensor. In another embodiment, the sensors may be inductive coil type sensors.

Referring to FIGS. 9A and 9B, a top and bottom view, respectfully, is illustrated of a domic-shaped housing 501 having an inverted V-type shape. As such, the top view of the domic-shaped housing appears like a rooftop of a home. Housing 501 has a peak 504 that extends along housing 501. Downward-sloping exterior surfaces 505 extend from peak 504 into a perimeter lip 502. Lip 502 contains openings 503 that receive fasteners (not shown) to secure housing to the second housing portion of a transducer. Lip 502 also construes a base portion of housing 501 being the part of housing 501 that is most remote from peak 504. Sidewalls 507 and support ribs 508 support downward sloping surfaces 505. This is especially useful if the housing is formed of structural foam and a tire drives over the housing in a manner so that damage is not incurred to the housing. An input/output port 506 receives wire conductors therein to connect the transducer to the power transmitter as further described in the embodiment of FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 9B, the bottom view further shows the detail of a plurality of support ribs 508, preferably spaced a same distance apart along a length of the domic-shaped housing. Alternately, a similar rib structure may be employed in the embodiment of FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 10, yet another embodiment of the invention an ECS 500 includes a primary ECS 501 and a secondary ECS 502. Primary ECS 501 is generally a high voltage, high frequency ECS and secondary ECS is generally a lower voltage, lower frequency ECS. The primary ECS operates at a frequency that is greater than the 60 Hz secondary ECS.

To better understand the electrical signals as designated on the electrical signal paths illustrated in FIG. 9, the following definitions apply:

60 Hz AC—A 60 Hz, AC voltage electrical signal. Generally, the AC voltage is either 120 VAC or 240 VAC dependent on the power source generating the voltage.

HV HF AC—A high voltage, high frequency alternating current (AC) electrical signal. Preferably, the voltage signal is greater than 120 VAC and the frequency of the voltage signal is greater than 60 Hz. The frequency may be in a range of 10 kHz to 450 kHz.

HV DC—A high voltage, direct current (DC) electrical signal. Preferably, the DC voltage is greater than 120 VDC.

Primary ECS 501 includes an off-vehicle transducer 524 that includes a domic-shaped housing having the advantageous features as previously described herein in previous embodiments. Similar elements in the embodiment of FIG. 9 as the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 4 have reference numerals that differ by 500. In contrast to ECS 9, ECS 500 shows another type of electrical charging system configuration that includes primary ECS 501 which contains an ESSD 537 and an integrated charger 553 that is different from ESSD 32 and the vehicular charger of ECS 10 in the embodiment of FIG. 4. More particularly, ESSD 537 includes a controller/convertor 527 in electrical downstream communication with a transfer switch 503 through electrical output 507. Integrated charger 553 is also in downstream electrical communication with transfer switch 503. Transfer switch 503 is in direct electrical communication with battery 514 via electrical output 513. There is no wireless volt meter electrical device (not shown) or ballast resistor electrical device (not shown) or inverter electrical device (not shown) in contrast with ECS 10 in the embodiment of FIG. 4. The functionality of the wireless voltmeter is integrated in with the controller portion of controller/converter block 527. Thus, with ECS 500, primary ECS 501 is a more simplified ECS approach that may allow for ECS system power efficiency improvements. ECS 500 may also allow for a more precise control in the electrical charging of battery 514. Alternately, the controller portion of the controller/convertor may electrically communicate with the integrated charger when the integrated charger is included as part of the primary ECS. Primary ECS 501 operates with high voltages at a frequency that is greater than 60 Hertz (Hz).

A first frequency of a first electrical current input along signal path 505 to controller/convertor 527 of primary ECS 501 has a greater frequency value than a second frequency of a second electrical current carried on output 523 from secondary system 502 to integrated charger 553. An electrical signal output from integrated charger 553 is received by transfer switch 503. Controller/convertor 527 may measure voltage, current and power similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4. Wireless signal paths 519, 521 transmit data to ensure ECS 501 operates at optimal system efficiency. Signal path 509 operates the state of transfer switch 503. An extension of the alignment means presented in the embodiment of FIG. 4 may be a secondary aligning means, such as a tennis ball 539, to further assist to position vehicle 516 so that transducers 524, 526 are in alignment so as to operationally perform the transfer of magnetic energy there between. Optimally, transducers 524, 526 may be in physical, axial alignment similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4. Alternately, the transducers may not be in axial alignment and the primary ECS may still effectively operate. Wireless signal paths 521 may also transmit sensor data as described in the embodiment of FIG. 9. Vehicle data bus 511 transmits vehicular information, such as the current charging level of the battery to controller/convertor 527. Secondary system 502 provides a 60 Hertz (Hz) electrical charging option for a human operator of ECS 500 to advantageously provide further charging convenience for the human operator. Having a 60 Hz secondary system that may operate from a power source of 120 VAC and a greater than 60 Hz primary system that may operate from a power source of greater than 120 VAC provides different electrical charging options for the human operator that may be available dependent on where the vehicle is operated. One such secondary system is further described in U.S. Ser. No. 12/950,298 entitled “BATTERY CHARGER HAVING NON-CONTACT ELECTRICAL SWITCH” filed on 19 Nov. 2010 and incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

Alternately, the domic-shaped housing may be employed for use with the on-vehicle transducer.

In a further alternate embodiment, the domic-shape of the housing may have any type of base shape in combination with any type of dome shape and still be within the spirit and scope of the invention.

In still another alternate embodiment, the domic-shaped housing may be deployed with any type of apparatus especially where a space is needed to be taken up by the volume otherwise filled by the domic-shaped housing.

In yet another alternate embodiment, the overall size of the housing may be tailored to suit the apparatus in which the housing is employed.

In a further alternate embodiment, any type of device or apparatus that needs animal deterrence, especially spatial animal deterrence in relation to another device, may find the domic-shaped housing useful. The domic-shaped housing may be constructed to be mountable to any type of solid material.

Still alternately, the on-vehicle transducer may be disposed along any portion of the vehicle along the length L of the vehicle.

In yet another alternate embodiment, if the on-vehicle transducer is recessed above the lower level of the undercarriage, the additional space created thereat may be filled with a filling material such that animal deterrence is still effective with the domic-shaped housing. The filling material, for example, may be formed of a plastic material or be a plastic panel that prevents the space from being occupied by the animal.

Thus, a robust, domed-shaped housing associated with an off-vehicle transducer prevents animals and foreign objects from entering or remaining in this space intermediate the transducers to enable maximum energy transfer efficiency between the transducers. The domic-shaped housing may be formed of a structural foam material or be molded from a thermoplastic material in a mold in a single molding process operation as a unitary piece. The domic-shaped housing is easily installed to a second housing portion of the off-vehicle transducer using fasteners or adhesive. The peak point has a sufficient height that allows the domic-shaped housing to be within tolerances of the ground clearance of the vehicle but discourage and prevent at least a portion of an animal's body from being located in a space disposed intermediate the external surfaces of the domic-shaped housing and the on-vehicle transducer when at least a portion of the domic-shaped housing underlies the undercarriage of the vehicle. The domic-shaped housing may be driven over with a tire of the vehicle and not break, especially when constructed from a structural foam material. The housing may be formed for deployment to cover a top portion or a majority portion of the transducer elements which is dependent on the animal/foreign object deterrence area needed in a given ECS application. When the domic-shaped housing covers a majority portion of the transducer, the animal is discouraged from also residing adjacent the external surfaces along the sides of the transducer. The domic-shaped housing may be equipped with sensors to sense movement or applied pressure from either a foreign object or an animal making contact with the domic-shaped housing and communicate an electrical signal that the ECS receives and interprets so as stop the ECS from electrically charging the battery. The ECS may be further equipped to resume electrical charging when the foreign object/animal condition has cleared. The domic-shaped housing may be utilized in any ECS that has a ground-based transducer where animal/foreign object deterrence is desired. In general, the domic-shaped housing may be deployed with any type of apparatus where animal/foreign object deterrence is needed and may be formed in a manner that allows deployment on many different apparatus shapes and sizes. The domic-shape of the housing may take on any type of special shape as determined by an application of use.

While this invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment thereof, it is not intended to be so limited, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow.

It will be readily understood by those persons skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of broad utility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations of the present invention other than those described above, as well as many variations, modifications and equivalent arrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the present invention and the foregoing description, without departing from the substance or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, while the present invention has been described herein in detail in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that this disclosure is only illustrative and exemplary of the present invention and is made merely for purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure of the invention. The foregoing disclosure is not intended or to be construed to limit the present invention or otherwise to exclude any such other embodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications and equivalent arrangements, the present invention being limited only by the following claims and the equivalents thereof. 

1. An electrical charging system (ECS) comprising: an apparatus having a housing containing a domic shape, wherein said housing includes an external surface having a plurality of points disposed at a plurality of heights, and at least one point in the plurality of points has a first height, and the other points in the plurality of points have respective heights that are less than the first height.
 2. The ECS of claim 1, wherein said external surface comprises a plurality of segment surfaces that respectively depend decreasingly outwardly away from said at least one point in the plurality of points.
 3. The ECS of claim 1, wherein said housing is formed as a unitary piece.
 4. The ECS of claim 1, wherein the domic-shaped housing is a first housing portion and the apparatus further includes a second housing portion that has a different shape than the first housing portion, and the first housing portion is configured to communicate with the second housing portion to surroundingly enclose the apparatus.
 5. The ECS of claim 1, wherein the domic-shaped housing is a first housing portion and the apparatus further includes a second housing portion, and at least said first housing portion being is formed from a dielectric material.
 6. The ECS of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed from a material that is sufficiently strong to support a mass applied thereto, said mass being at least a tire associated with a vehicle being driven over said housing.
 7. The ECS of claim 1, wherein said apparatus comprises a transducer.
 8. The ECS of claim 7, wherein the transducer further includes, a sensor in communication with said housing.
 9. The ECS of claim 1, wherein the ECS is configured to electrically charge an energy storage device (ESD), and when the ECS is electrically charging said ESD the sensor is activated based on at least one of, (i) detection of a metal object disposed on said housing, and (ii) detection of pressure applied external to said housing against said housing, the ECS stops electrical charging of said battery.
 10. The ECS of claim 1, wherein the ECS is associated with electrically charging an energy storage device (ESD) disposed on a motorized vehicle.
 11. The ECS of claim 1, wherein a vehicle comprises an undercarriage and said vehicle is disposed on a ground surface in which the undercarriage is spaced apart therefrom, and the undercarriage is configured to overlie at least a portion of the housing, so that when the undercarriage overlies at least said portion of the housing, at least said domic housing fills a space underlying the undercarriage to prevent at least one of, (i) foreign objects, and (ii) animals from entering said space.
 12. An electrical charging system (ECS) for electrically charging an energy storage device (ESD), comprising: a first transducer including a housing in which the housing has a domic shape, said first transducer being configured for disposal on a ground surface; and a second transducer being disposed in a manner having a spaced relationship to the ground surface and configured to have a spaced relationship with the first transducer when the first transducer is disposed on said ground surface, said second transducer further being configured to receive energy from the first transducer, wherein said housing includes an external surface having a plurality of points disposed at a plurality of heights, and at least one point in the plurality of points has a first height, and the other points in the plurality of points have respective heights that are less than the first height.
 13. The ECS of claim 12, wherein the second transducer is disposed on a vehicle and said domic-shaped housing is configured have an opposing, spaced relationship from an external surface of the second transducer when the first transducer is disposed on said ground surface.
 14. The ECS of claim 12, wherein the first transducer comprises a first housing portion and a second housing portion, and the domic-shaped housing is the first housing portion formed from a dielectric material and the second housing portion is formed from a non-dielectric material, and dielectric material is disposed intermediate the non-dielectric material and the second transducer when at least a portion of the second transducer overlies the first transducer disposed on the ground surface. 